Euthanasia and our civilization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Euthanasia and our civilization - Essay Example Therefore, nobody can argue that letting die is better than killing in certain cases. â€Å"If a doctor lets a patient die, for humane reasons, he is in the same moral position as if he had given the patient a lethal injection for humane reasons† (Rachels 4). Arthur J. Dyck in his article An alternative to the ethic of Euthanasia argued against all forms of euthanasia. In his opinions, euthanasia is a dangerous policy and it is impossible to support a social policy in which people kill themselves. Compassion for those who are painfully ill and the concern for human dignity associated with the freedom are the major arguments cited in favour of euthanasia. Dyck has argued that these values have nothing to do with the process of dying. Regardless of the method employed for, the ultimate result of all forms of euthanasia is the same; the patient’s life is shortened. If one can justify the shortening of life using a method, then others forms of shortening life also be justif ied based on the utilitarian principles of ethics. Instead of euthanasia, Dyck put forward another term called benemortasia or happy death. Benemortasia provides the choice of how to live to while dying. â€Å"How a person dies has a definite meaning for those to whom that person is related. In the first year of bereavement, the rate of death among the bereaved relatives of those die in hospitals is twice that of the bereaved relatives of those who die at home† (Dyck 254). Joy and suffering are part of life and it is the duty if the community to provide assistance to those who suffers. Encouraging people to commit suicide is the failure of a society. It is dangerous to allow a physician... Right in the beginning, the essay makes a clear understanding of joy and suffering being part of life and it is the duty if the community to provide assistance to those who suffers. Encouraging people to commit suicide is the failure of a society. It is dangerous to allow a physician to decide whether a patient’s life is not worth living. Even after huge advancements in science and technology, we are still unable to unveil the secrets behind birth and life after death. Then the essay provides an example of Oregon, which is currently the only state that has an assisted-suicide law. On January 17, 2006, the Supreme Court ruled that the 1970 Controlled Substances Act (CSA) does not give the U.S. attorney general the authority to prohibit Oregon doctors from prescribing lethal doses of drugs to certain terminally ill patients who want to end their own lives. Then the essay brings us to the point, where human life is the most precious thing in this world. It should be noted that no body can return it once it is taken. It is quite possible that the doctor who is assisting a patient top commit suicide may lose his life at the very next moment. Nobody can predict or control the future of a person. In conclusion, the essay summarizes the aforementioned by reminding that life and death are beyond our control and it is logical to let it finish by itself. Euthanasia may not be a suitable option for a civilized world like ours. Increased rate of euthanasia definitely reflects the failure of the society.

Journal Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Journal - Research Paper Example Upon knowing this, the teacher would now know the customized approach he or she should take on such as the transitional bilingual education which is one that is most effective. This means that the teacher uses the child’s native language to introduce them to the context of a secondary language. Primary language of the student is now used as a bridge to develop literary comprehension with another language (Coonan, C. M., n.d.). Another way to develop linguistic competency through bilingual education would be the Dual Language Immersion. This means that teachers would practice a clear separation of two languages being used in each curriculum. What they do is that instead of translating each principle to another language which could sometimes not encompass the whole meaning or idea and cause confusion, they strengthen one’s understanding of a specific concept delivered in one language and when students already have a strong hold on it, they will then alter the language to further explicate a topic (Cook, Vivian, n.d.) Cook, Vivian (n.d.). Bilingual Cognition and Language Teaching. Virgin Media - Cable broadband, TV & phone plus mobile broadband & phone. Retrieved May 21, 2012, from http://homepage.ntlworld.com/vivian.c/Writings/Papers/BilCog&Teaching.htm Masters Degree Program - Bilingual Education - NYU Steinhardt. (n.d.). NYU Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development. Retrieved May 21, 2012, from

Mass extinction Events - the 6th one Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Mass extinction Events - the 6th one - Essay Example appened in the planet’s history, mass extinction is an occasion that mankind cannot penetrate, delay or stop especially if they are the primary ones responsible for the planet’s destruction. One is as responsible as the other towards the maintenance of the planet that mankind is living in. There is no reason for finger pointing at this point as to why things are being experienced worldwide (Hallam & Wignall, 1-5). Mass extinctions already happened more than once in the existence of planet Earth. The first mass extinction was said to have happened approximately 500 million years ago and it was the temperature in the planet’s surface that have changed drastically. This event incurred the massive extinctions of species, plants and animals alike. This brought about changes, mostly physical, to those who survive the extinctions. Others would point out these changes as evolution in the species. They needed to evolve and be able to adapt to the surroundings enabling them to survive. Approximately 250 million years ago, another mass extinction occurred and devastated the planet. It was said that during this second mass extinction, it took a while before the surviving species was able to recover. While others failed to adapt therefore becoming extinct (Frankel, 5-10). During the third mass extinction, it was the aquatic species that was confounded. It was after the fourth mass extinction that r eptiles and dinosaurs were said to have evolved. Then around 65 million years ago, the fifth mass extinction occurred. This is the extinction that the generation of today is more aware (Wicander & Monroe, 242; Hoffman, 176). There are scholars who do believe that mankind and the planet is in the middle of the sixth mass extinction as the planet’s composition has been disturbed massively especially in recent centuries or even decades. As mankind is perceived to become more intelligent, the more it aided the events that may cause the mass extinction and even end the human

What do Advertisements Tell Young People They Should Value Essay

What do Advertisements Tell Young People They Should Value - Essay Example Advertising has been part of American life for centuries, and has certainly always had some kind of effect on the behaviour of Americans in a wide variety of ways. Throughout the past ten to twenty years, however, the amount of advertising exposure and kind of advertising has changed significantly, and may have an increased effect on American youths. It is incredibly difficult to construct a causal relationship between advertising and behaviour, something that advertisers have used to their advantage to fight regulation throughout history, from the cigarette era to today. The problems of determining causal relationships are myriad, but most simply rest on the well known idea that correlation is not causation: wearing your favorite team’s jersey and them winning does not indicate any causal relationship between your jersey choice and your team’s success. Furthering the complexity of this problem is the fact that advertising in fact mirrors many of the issues inherent to many forms of media, such as film and television, in, for instance, constructing unrealistic ideas of beauty. Advertisers, for instance, are often blamed on helping to cause eating disorders, while there may be many different societal and media factors at work in those issues. To construct a causal relationship, one must therefore go much further than simply analyzing correlation (though correlation certainly plays some part in the analysis). Through analyzing the behaviour advertisers, the explosion of new media, the psychological makeup of young adults, and the correlation between youth behaviour and advertising, it is possible to construct a causal relationship between advertiser’s construction of the ideals of beauty and negative behaviour among young adults, such as the development of eating disorders. The first thing that must be unequivocally establishes is the fact that advertising does, in fact, affect behaviour. This is its whole point of the entire industry, to lea d people to buy products. There are various interpretations of the role of advertising. The most generous would say that advertising merely influences behaviour through demonstrations of a product’s usefulness to its client; advertising affects behaviour merely through informing (). The least generous would say that advertising twists people’s emotions, world view, and so on, in order to manipulate them into buying a given product (). The truth is probably somewhere in between, that advertising does rely on a product’s abilities, but that advertising also manipulates viewers to a significant extent. That advertising affects people’s behaviour can be seen merely by the size of the industry: it is a multi-hundred billion dollar industry worldwide (Shaman, 2012), and a single thirty second spot in the Super Bowl can sell for â€Å"upwards of $5 million† (Shaman, 2012). There is no way corporations would spend this kind of money on advertising if they were not confident in its

Community law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Community law - Essay Example For analyzing how the principle of indirect effect effectively bridges the gap between the vertical and the horizontal direct effects, the requirements for the applicability of the direct and indirect effects have to be considered. Direct effect is of two types, namely Vertical Direct effect or Individual versus the State and the Horizontal Direct effect, wherein the litigation is between Individuals. The concept of direct effect follows from the supremacy of European Law as formulated by the ECJ. This implies that if an EC Law has direct effect then such law grants rights to individuals, which must be upheld by the national courts. For any EC Law to have direct effect, it must satisfy two conditions. First, the relevant EC Law must be part of the recognized legal order, i.e., it must be a treaty article, a regulation or a directive. Secondly, the terms of the relevant EC Law must be such as are appropriate to confer rights on individuals. Directives have vertical Direct effect only if they have clarity, precision, unconditionality in as much as they fulfil the Van Gend criteria, independence in operation and its date of implementation should have been over and the person or body against whom the directive is pleaded must be public body1 or an emanation of the state2. This has created a duty to try to interpret national law consistently with EC Law, whether or not is has Direct effect. This is the underlying principle of the indirect effect, which establishes the supremacy of EC Law.The doctrine of direct effect enables national courts to apply EC Law. Uniformity is preserved through the preliminary reference procedure using which the national courts refer to the European Court of Justice for interpretation of EC Law. The ECJ is the sole authority for interpreting the various treaties of the EC. However, this dual court system is not conducive to a single uniform interpretational application of EC Law. Treaty Articles should be so worded that they have direct effect. They must further fulfil the Van Gend En Loos criterion and should have both the vertical as well as the horizontal direct effect. This criterion states that the EC Treaty should be applicable not only to the member states but to the individuals also. EC Treaty Articles will overrule any provision of the national law, which does not conform to it, irrespective of whether it was passed before or after the passing of the articles. Similarly, regulations of the EC Treaty are capable of having vertical and horizontal direct effect. Direct applicability of these regulations is enabled by Article 249 of the consolidated version of the European Treaties. These have to be enforced by the national courts. As such limitations were imposed on the doctrine of direct effect in order to ensure that national courts did not face difficulty in implementing community law. For the application of the principle of direct effect the conditions discussed above in respect of the directives, articles and regulations of the treaty should be complied with. Whenever these conditions can not be fulfilled and the direct effect in not applicable, the principle of indirect effect will take over and the implementation of EC Law through the national courts is ensured.In the case Marshall v. Southampton Area Health Authority3 (1986) the European Court of Justice ruled that the relevant Directive had direct effect as it satisfied the four requirements of direct effect. It contended that Marshall could rely upon this to proceed legally against the State. It was also held that the Health Authority, which was Marshall's employer, was part and parcel of the State as it performed a public function on behalf of the State. This case is an example of the horizontal direct effect and in this case the health authority was considered to be an emanation of the state. In the case of Foster v. British Gas the Marshall principle was extended and the European Court of Justice ruled that the Directive had direct effect even against the private British Gas. This decision was

Applying Theories and Principles for Planning and Enabling Inclusive Essay

Applying Theories and Principles for Planning and Enabling Inclusive Learning and Teaching - Essay Example The best way to understand Brain-based education is through three words namely: principles, strategies and engagement. Thus, learners have to be engaged and it has to be done with strategies, which are real science based (Darling-Kuria, 2010, p. 02). Brain-based learning effectively ensures to produce a more efficient learning process, which assists the student through comprehension on how the brain delivers, and learns the valuable learning environment possible. Therefore, brain-based learning is the vigorous engagement of strategies that are purposeful on principles, which are effectively derived from neuroscience. Brain-based learning is done in accordance to the way the brain is designed naturally to learn. This study will extensively discuss the various merits of the curriculum, which are taught through instructions, where it is taught, how it taught, the environment, how it measured, and the assessment (Call & Featherstone, 2010a, p.05). A research done recently shows that adul ts have a paramount role in facilitating for the children an early environment that is stimulating. There is therefore a need of the classrooms to have a link that is nearly close to the real-world environment. The curricula being taught should include problem layers, cultural and many sensory layers that effectively stimulate and excite the noble neural networks of the brain. It is also evident that an individual cannot learn in the same way to the other people and thus each individual has his/her own learning style. Evidently, artificial stress on the children is inevitable if the children are forced to learn under ineffective conditions, which greatly interfere with how they learn. These conditions reduce and depress their performance results as well as their motivation. Educators should therefore ensure to embrace the children as individuals and not as a collective class that deserve uniform practices since they are supposed to incorporate diverse teaching skills (Taylor & Macke nney, 2008, p.18). Additionally, educators must provide complex instructions, which effectively enhance and develop learning profiles individually. Complex instruction is multifaceted and it involves providing a variety of resources, groupings, instructional materials, and assessment instruments. Additionally, structured classroom time devoted to emotional and social skill building, group problem solving, and team building strengthens academic learning. Research conducted recently on learning and brain indicates that the brain effectively responds more to learning environments that are enriched and which involve as many of its processing centers as possible. Thus, educators have to allow the children to have rich experiences and then give them time and opportunities to make sense of their experiences by finding and reflecting connections in how things relate to each other. Lessons stimulating emotions, senses, and memory aid cognition and future retrieval in real world situations (C all & Featherstone, 2010b, p.35). The student usually benefits from a type of captivation in which wide selections of motivations are integrated so that the experiences are more genuine and engaging. These experiences should have problem-solving skills in learning different theories and facts since they are personally and meaningfully rewarding to the learners and thus being more inspiring and rewarding. Learners learn

Supernaturalist View Found in Civilizations Essay

Supernaturalist View Found in Civilizations - Essay Example Believers of supernaturalism argue that any event that goes beyond scientific understanding does actually exist just as the same way as natural occurrences do. This view can be supported by the fact that natural phenomena such as rainbows, lightning and floods were interpreted in ancient times as having some kind of unearthly causes behind them. Another school of thought believes that each so-called supernatural phenomenon is explicable through the knowledge of science. Now the root of controversy surrounding these two conflicting beliefs lies in the fact that there is no universally accepted definition of 'natural'. We may say that any event that takes place in accordance with natural and scientific laws is natural. In other words, any natural event can be seen or perceived, and can be affirmed by a set of proved principles. Having said that, we cannot really set a parameter by which we can verify, for instance, the existence of God. Hence, the controversy remains when it comes to d raw a borderline between the supernatural and the natural. The Code of Hamurabi, laid down in the eighteenth century B. C., is a source of much historical as well as divine interpretation especially the way it is addressed to the Babylonian Gods. Elements of supernaturalism can also be traced in the Judeo-Christian tradition where the Ten Commandments enlist moral and religious duties to be followed to show obedience to the Almighty. This revered set of imperatives has been in use in many civilizations including the Roman and in the Middle-East. Egypt, the country of myths and mysteries, has innumerable supernatural elements to be explored. The Pyramid of Khufu, also known as the Great Pyramid, is a source of wonder for historians, scientists and archeologists alike. Many folklores and legends are associated with this gigantic and awe-inspiring construction. The preternaturalism is vividly depicted in the treatise of Herodotus: "[he] brought the country into all sorts of misery. He closed all the temple, then, not content with excluding his subjects from the practice of their religion, compelled them without exception to labor as slaves for his own advantage". (Tour Egypt, 1996) Evidences of supernaturalism are widespread in prehistoric cave paintings that have been found in many parts of Europe. Based on the timeline, these paintings are classified to three main epochs - Palaeolithic, Neolithic and Mesolithic. The literary significance of such art forms is of immense worth, considering how they have been preserving the essence of proto-European culture. The marvels of prehistoric sculpture are to be explored in the North European megaliths. Carved with symbolisms that substantiate physical and ideological beliefs surrounding the areas dwelt by the first Northern farmers, researches on the construction of megaliths have thrown light on the contemporary cultural and ritualistic landscape of the northern parts of Europe. The 'Emergence Myth' and the 'Creation Myth' carried by the Anasazi Symbolism are two of the most prominent religious structures from the New Mexico region. The 'Emergence Myth' tells about the sacred Spirits or the Kachinas, whereas the 'Creation Myth' is about the origin of the earth. (Granite School District Teacher Quality Center, 2004) The power of magic, divination and demonology was literally